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| Mon, 19th Apr 2021 16:10:00 |
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Climate change: Future-proofing coffee in a warming world |
Scientists say a "forgotten" coffee plant that can grow in warmer conditions could help future-proof the drink against climate change.
They predict we could soon be sipping Stenophylla, a rare wild coffee from West Africa that tastes like Arabica coffee, but grows in warmer conditions.
As temperatures rise, good coffee will become increasingly difficult to grow.
Studies suggest that by 2050, about half of land used for high-quality coffee will be unproductive.
To find a wild coffee that tastes great and is heat and drought tolerant is "the holy grail of coffee breeding", said Dr Aaron Davis, head of coffee research at the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
"Being somebody who's tasted a lot of wild coffees they're not great, they don't taste like Arabica so our expectations were pretty low," he told BBC News.
"And we were completely blown away by the fact that this coffee tasted amazing. It has these other attributes related to its climate tolerance: it will grow and crop under much warmer conditions than Arabica coffee."
Coffea stenophylla is a wild coffee species from West Africa which, until recently, was thought to be extinct outside Ivory Coast.
The plant was recently re-discovered growing wild in Sierra Leone, where it was historically grown as a coffee crop about a century ago.
A small sample of coffee beans from Sierra Leone and Ivory Coast were roasted and made into coffee, which was then tasted by a panel of coffee connoisseurs.
Over 80% of judges could not tell the difference between Stenophylla and the world's most popular coffee, Arabica, in blind tastings, the researchers reported in the journal Nature Plants.
They also modelled climate data for the plant, which suggests it can potentially tolerate temperatures at least 6C higher than Arabica.
Seedlings will be planted this year in order to start assessing the wild coffee's potential in safeguarding the future of high-quality coffee.
Dr Davis hopes Stenophylla will one day be grown again in Sierra Leone on a major scale.
"It's not going to be in coffee shops in the next couple of years, but I think within five to seven years we'll see it entering the market as a niche coffee, as a high value coffee, and then after that I think it will be more common," he said.
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